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Hezhe Ethnic MinorityWith a population of 4.345, Hezhe people mainly live in the Tongjiang, Raohe and Fuyuan countries in Heilongjiang Province. Some of them live in neighbouring vallies and toens. The Hezhe have their own language which belongs to the Manchu – Tongusi group of the Altaic language family. Their language has two dialects – Qileng and Hezhe. As the result of frequent contact with the Hans, Chinese is widely used. Only those who are above 50 years old can still speak the Hezhe language. They do not have a unique system of writing and use Chinese characters for written communication. The Hezhe people used to practice Shamanism. Now, few of them believe in Shamanism. The Hezhe ethnic miority has a long history. They began to settle in the areas by the rivers of Heilongjiang, Songhua and Wusuli in a very early time. They used to wear of clothing made of fish skins and employed dogs for hunting which earned them the titles Yupi Tribe and Shiquan tribe. The Hezhe's ancestry can be traced to the Nuzhens. Until the beginning of the Qing dynasty were they called “Heijin”, “Hezhe” and so on in the records. They were formally named the “Hezhe ethnic minority” after the founding of the PRC. Hezhes were still in their primitive societal stages even at the beginning of the twentieth century. During the Japanese occupation, the policy of genocide practiced by the Japanese caused a sharp decrease in the Hezhe population putting them on the edge of extinction. Prior to 1949, there were only about three hundred Hezhes living in China. The Hezhe people have deal with fishing for a long time and they have gained superb skills and knowledge in fishing through time-tested experience. Meanwhile, they begin to engage in other industries, such as agriculture, breeding and so on. Their lives have been greatly inproved. |